布达佩斯

“小积分”撬动乡村治理“大能量”_我的网站

一 |     “多亏有你们帮忙，不然这些中药材都来不及晒完了，这回可放心了。”和煦的阳光下，新宾满族自治县南杂木镇榔头沟村迎来了一场别开生面的温暖行动：一群身穿红色马甲的党员志愿者，带着满腔热忱走进了这个宁静又充满活力的乡村，与村民们并肩劳作，共同投入到中药材晾晒工作中，解决了由于劳动力短缺而造成的中药材晾晒难题。    Pope Francis’s July 24-29 tour of Canada included a long-overdue apology to Native Canadians for the Catholic Church’s central role in abuses perpetrated at the country’s network of residential schools.,The notorious boarding school system was funded and organized by Canada’s federal government and run by Catholic and Protestant churches. It oversaw the forceful and systematic assimilation, abuse, enslavement and even murder of Native Canadian boys and girls from the mid-19th to late 20th centuries. It was a particularly brutal and cruel, but by no means first or only, tool of oppression experienced by indigenous peoples during the European colonialists’ history in North America.,“I am here because the first step of my penitential pilgrimage among you is that of again asking forgiveness, of telling you once more that I am deeply sorry. Sorry for the ways in which, regrettably, many Christians supported the colonizing mentality of the powers that oppressed the indigenous peoples. I am sorry. I ask for forgiveness, in particular, for the ways in which many members of the Church and of religious communities cooperated, not least through their indifference, in projects of cultural destruction and forced assimilation promoted by the governments of that time, which culminated in the system of residential schools,” Francis said at the former site of the Ermineskin Residential School in Maskwacis, Alberta on July 25.,The pope assured his apology was “only the first step” of “a serious investigation into the facts of what took place in the past and to assist the survivors of the residential schools to experience healing from the traumas they suffered.”,Pope Francis Holds Mass in Quebec During Visit to Canada to Apologize to Indigenous Community28 July, 13:01 GMT,Assimilation,More than 150,000 Native children passed through the residential school system over its 160+ year history. Children were prohibited, often by physical punishment, from speaking their native languages, having their ancestors’ religious concepts replaced with Christianity, and facing their cultural traditions and social norms substituted for those of the colonialists.,The first experimental residential school was opened in Brantford, Ontario, in 1833, but the system only became a federally-mandated, national, industrial-scale tool of subjugation in the 1880s after Sir John A Macdonald, Canada’s first prime minister, ordered the commissioning of a report on the residential school system model being operated in the United States.,The report, entitled ‘Industrial Schools for Indians and Half-Breeds’, became the basis for Canadian state-church cooperation in solving the Indian “problem” by removing indigenous children from the influences passed down to them by their communities and family units.,© WikipediaIndian Residential School, (Fort) Resolution, Northwest TerritoriesIndian Residential School, (Fort) Resolution, Northwest Territories© Wikipedia,Along with forced assimilation, students were subjected to other forms of torment, including sexual abuse by priests and teachers, forced labor, and slavery. As of 2021, the National Center for Truth and Reconciliation has been able to identify 4,117 documented deaths of First Nations, Inuit and Metis children in residential schools. However, new graves continue to be discovered, and former Truth and Reconciliation Commissioner Murray Sinclair estimates that more than 6,000 children may have died in the residential school system over the period of its operation.,In his bombshell 2016 book “Murder by Decree: the Crime of Genocide in Canada,” writer and former United Church of Canada reverend Kevin Annett challenged the NCTR over its conservative estimates on the residential school deaths, detailing the commission’s suppression of eyewitness testimony and archival documentation, and estimating that the true death toll may have run in the tens of thousands. Annett documented how the system included a monthly “death quota” and involved the use of germ warfare, and believes that as many as 50,000 children may have perished in the residential school network.,Exploitation,Residential schools were by no means the first instance of settlers’ mistreatment of Canada’s indigenous population, with Britain’s victory against the French in the North American theater of the Seven Years’ War of 1754-1763 sealing their fate of subjugation and colonial land grabs, as well as the relentless and cynical exploitation of the most loyal tribes.,At the conclusion of the war in 1763, King George III issued a royal proclamation declaring all lands west of the Appalachian Mountains and the colonies of what would ultimately become the early United States as Native territories, outlawing their settlement or purchase by colonialists, and requiring treaty negotiations for any changes to the arrangement. In Canada –organized from the remnants of New France under the name ‘Quebec’, lands to the west and north of the colony were proclaimed Indian territory.,Centuries later, scholars continue to fiercely debate the correct interpretation of the proclamation, and whether it was meant as a permanent guarantee of Native rights to lands beyond the then-existent colonies, or a mere opportunity for colonists to catch their breath before continuing an aggressive push west.,© Photo"The British Governments in Nth America Laid down agreeable to the Proclamation of Octr. 7, 1763," Gentleman’s Magazine (London, 1763)"The British Governments in Nth America Laid down agreeable to the Proclamation of Octr. 7, 1763," Gentleman’s Magazine (London, 1763)© Photo,Even as colonists repeatedly broke the 1763 treaty’s terms throughout the rest of the 18th and 19th centuries through wars of aggression and by taking advantage of divisions within Native tribes through cunning and trickery, many Natives remained loyal to the Crown.,Perhaps nowhere was this better exemplified than in the story of Joseph Brant, an 18th-century Mohawk military and political leader who led his warriors in defense of the British Empire during the American Revolutionary War of 1775-1783, and whose efforts proved decisive in halting an American advance into what is now Canada.,In return for the loyalty shown by Brant and his fellow Mohawks, Quebec Governor Sir Frederick Haldimand promised that after the war, his people would be granted more than 8,090 square km of land around the Grand River Basin in southern Ontario. However, after the war ended in 1783, the settlers would gradually chip away at their commitments, with the Native-administered area now known as the Six Nations Reserve shrinking to just 183 square km of land, two percent of what Brant was originally promised.,Brant’s story was repeated in one form or another throughout the 19th century, and today just 0.36 percent of Canada’s total landmass has reserve status for its Native communities.,© Wikipedia / National Archives of CanadaJoseph Brant, watercolour by William ArmstrongJoseph Brant, watercolour by William Armstrong© Wikipedia / National Archives of Canada,Discrimination,Notwithstanding decades of recognition by successive governments of the historical injustices done to indigenous people, and lip service to improving their social and economic standing, Canada’s community of 1.67 million Natives continues to struggle with a broad spectrum of problems more typically characterizing countries of the so-called Third World than of a thriving, highly developed First World nation.,The Council of Canadians estimates that some 73 percent of First Nations’ water systems are at medium or high risk of contamination, with dozens of indigenous communities still lacking basic access to clean drinking water, despite billions of dollars in aid doled out by Ottawa every year to developing countries, and over a billion dollars in support sent to Kiev this year amid the Ukrainian security crisis.,Along almost every social indicator, from poverty and access to housing to crime, education, and healthcare, Native communities continue to rank below other Canadians. Nowhere is this exemplified better than in average life expectancy. While other Canadian men and women live on average to an age of 79 and 84 years, respectively, among the First Nations, Metis and Inuit, these figures drop to 72.5 for men and 77.7 for women.。像这样的党员志愿者温暖行动在新宾大地上还有许多。这得益于新宾出台的《农村基层党组织实行党员“红心积分制”管理的实施办法（试行）》。新宾积极探索乡村共建共治共享基层治理新模式，实行党员“红心积分制”管理办法，激发广大党员参与乡村治理的积极性、主动性，不断提升村民幸福感、满意度。

二 |          　　秋收以来，上夹河镇古楼村结合“红心积分制”，开展了“助农帮帮团”活动，21名党员结对21户群众，深入田间地头，帮助困难群众解决急难愁盼问题。

三 | 秋收时节，当古楼村村民郭云财老人为田里倒伏的玉米发愁时，“党员帮帮团”及时施以援手。6名党员利用半天时间将2亩多地的玉米悉数收回老人家中，帮郭云财解决了燃眉之急。

四 | 同时，在村文化广场的“红心积分”展板上，小红心越来越多，村民时不时地就会去看一看、数一数。“红心积分”也激发了广大党员的积极性。党员佟连伍指着展板高兴地告诉记者：“看着这些红心积分，我这心里也暖洋洋的。党员带头帮助群众解决问题，本是应尽的义务，没想到做了好事还‘榜上有名’。”随着“红心积分制”管理的深入实施，古楼村的乡村面貌发生了显著变化，乡村治理水平得到了进一步提升。参与家庭纷纷行动起来，打扫公共场所、除草栽花、浇花护绿，公共区域卫生变得干净整洁。微信群中的“点单”与“接单”模式更是促进了邻里之间的互帮互助和关爱新功。独居老人、困难家庭、留守儿童得到了更多的关怀和帮助。         　　为了让“红心积分制”更加高效，新宾设立了正负两个清单。围绕村民问题需求，设置民主管理、强村富民、人居环境、排查调解、帮困扶弱等17项加分事项正面清单；聚焦违规违纪、群众投诉、组织生活不积极、破坏环境卫生等问题制定5项减分事项负面清单，并根据工作轻重程度给予1分、3分、5分等不同梯度分值进行奖惩。

五 | 同时建立红心积分台账，按照“一人一卡、一事一记、量化积分、动态管理”，为党员发放红心积分卡。设置“红心榜”，总积分每满50分，“点亮”一颗红心，通过“月记录、季公示、年评比”，动态更新积分排名，推动成果可视化，激励广大农村党员比学赶超、创先争优。         　　为及时、精准解决村民的各种需求，新宾采取了“村民点单+组织派单+党员接单”的“菜单式”服务方式，打通为民服务的“最后一米”。

六 | 同时鼓励有条件的村建立实体“积分超市”，每季度至少进行一次集中兑换，条件稍差的村可根据党员积分情况定期或年底一次性采买奖励物品进行兑换，激发农村党员联系群众、服务群众的积极性。         　　在木奇镇，“红心积分”活动带来的显著变化，全镇上下有目共睹。木奇镇东韩家村开展的“花满行动”党群积分制管理十分接地气，推出了5类以花命名的行动：“映山红”红满山，寓意着热爱集体；“向日葵”迎红霞，寓意着积极向上；“蒲公英”撒满地，寓意着传播正能量；“百合花”开满家，寓意着温馨和谐；“油菜花”收满枝，寓意着无私奉献。同时，东韩家村还将5类行动细化成39项日常行为标准，通过“日常行为积分+积极参与乡村治理加分+违反村规民约扣分”等方式，调动了农村党员群众参与强村富民、帮困扶弱、排查调解等各项事务的积极性，推动乡村治理提质增效。目前全村累计发放积分50588分，已兑换积分47138分，服务党员群众586人次，满意率100%。“‘红心积分’活动开展以来，党员对组织活动的参与率大幅提高，引领带动更多群众积极参与乡村治理，促进了农村环境更优美、民风更淳朴、精神更富足、治理更高效。”木奇镇党委书记孔明对“红心积分制”带来的乡村变化赞不绝口。         　　“红心积分制”的实行，切实提升了群众参与基层治理的积极性与主动性，打通了党建引领基层共治自治微循环。目前，全县已累计积分5.1万分，点亮红心596个，开展各项服务1710余件次，服务党员群众1.78万人次；设立实体“积分超市”28个，已兑换积分1.5万分，兑换物品1400余个。                    责任编辑：李丹。

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